In the ever-evolving realm of technology, computer architectures serve as the bedrock upon which our digital world is built. They form the fundamental framework that enables the seamless execution of tasks, the processing of vast amounts of data, and the realization of innovative ideas. From the earliest mainframes to the cutting-edge processors powering today’s supercomputers and mobile devices, computer architectures have been the driving force behind the exponential growth of computing power and functionality.
To comprehend the intricacies and possibilities of modern computing, it is essential to delve into the realm of computer architectures. These architectures encompass the underlying design principles, structures, and functionalities that define how a computer system operates. They lay the groundwork for the seamless interaction between hardware and software, dictating the performance, power efficiency, and capabilities of a computing device.
The world of computer architectures is a vast and diverse landscape, comprising a myriad of design philosophies and approaches. From complex instruction set architectures (CISC) to reduced instruction set architectures (RISC), from vector processors to multicore systems, each architecture brings its own set of advantages, trade-offs, and specialized applications. Understanding the nuances and distinctions between these architectures unveils the rich tapestry of possibilities in the computing world.
Exploring computer architectures goes beyond the realms of academic curiosity; it holds tremendous practical significance. Engineers, developers, and system designers must make informed decisions when selecting the most suitable architecture for their intended applications. Whether it’s optimizing energy efficiency for mobile devices, harnessing massive parallelism for scientific simulations, or enabling real-time processing for embedded systems, the choice of architecture plays a pivotal role in shaping the success of a computing system.
In this comprehensive article, we have listed and explained 148 computer architectures.
List of computer architectures
| # | Architecture | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Von Neumann | The Von Neumann architecture is a classical computer architecture where instructions and data share the same memory. It consists of a central processing unit (CPU), memory, input/output devices, and a control unit. |
| 2 | Harvard | The Harvard architecture separates instruction and data memory, allowing simultaneous access to both. It has separate buses for instructions and data, which can improve performance in certain applications. |
| 3 | ARM | ARM (Advanced RISC Machines) is a widely used processor architecture known for its energy efficiency. It is commonly found in mobile devices and embedded systems due to its low power consumption. |
| 4 | x86 | The x86 architecture is widely used in personal computers and servers. It supports complex instructions and is compatible with a vast range of software. It originated from the Intel 8086 processor. |
| 5 | PowerPC | PowerPC architecture is known for its use in Macintosh computers before Apple’s transition to Intel processors. It is also utilized in various embedded systems, game consoles, and high-performance computing. |
| 6 | MIPS | MIPS (Microprocessor without Interlocked Pipeline Stages) is a reduced instruction set computer (RISC) architecture. It is often used in embedded systems and academic settings due to its simplicity and ease of teaching. |
| 7 | SPARC | SPARC (Scalable Processor Architecture) is an open, RISC-based architecture developed by Sun Microsystems. It is designed for high-performance computing and is commonly used in servers and workstations. |
| 8 | Alpha | Alpha architecture, developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), is a 64-bit RISC processor architecture known for its high-performance capabilities. It was commonly used in DEC workstations and servers but is now obsolete. |
| 9 | Z80 | The Z80 architecture is an 8-bit microprocessor architecture known for its use in home computers and video game consoles of the 1980s. It is widely regarded as one of the most successful and influential microprocessors of its time. |
| 10 | RISC-V | RISC-V is an open-source instruction set architecture (ISA) that is gaining popularity due to its modularity and extensibility. It is designed to be highly customizable and is used in various applications, including embedded systems, IoT devices, and high-performance computing. |
| 11 | Itanium | Itanium, also known as IA-64 (Intel Architecture 64-bit), is a processor architecture developed by Intel and Hewlett-Packard (HP). It was intended for high-performance computing but failed to gain widespread adoption in the consumer market. |
| 12 | Motorola 68000 | The Motorola 68000 architecture is a 16/32-bit microprocessor architecture used in various computers, gaming consoles, and embedded systems. It powered popular systems like the Apple Macintosh, Atari ST, and Sega Genesis. |
| 13 | ARM64 | ARM64, also known as AArch64, is the 64-bit version of the ARM architecture. It offers improved performance and expanded memory addressing capabilities compared to its 32-bit counterpart. ARM64 is commonly found in modern smartphones, tablets, and other portable devices. |
| 14 | System/360 | System/360 is an early mainframe computer architecture developed by IBM in the 1960s. It introduced the concept of compatibility across multiple models and laid the foundation for IBM’s successful mainframe systems. |
| 15 | DEC VAX | DEC VAX (Virtual Address eXtension) is a 32/64-bit minicomputer architecture developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC). It was widely used in the 1970s and 1980s and became a popular platform for operating systems and business applications. |
| 16 | Intel 8051 | The Intel 8051 architecture is an 8-bit microcontroller architecture widely used in embedded systems and IoT devices due to its simplicity and low power consumption. It has a rich ecosystem of software and development tools supporting various applications. |
| 17 | IBM System z | IBM System z, formerly known as IBM System/390 and IBM zSeries, is a family of mainframe computer architectures known for their scalability, reliability, and security. They are commonly used in large organizations and industries requiring high-performance computing. |
| 18 | Atmel AVR | Atmel AVR is an 8-bit RISC microcontroller architecture known for its use in Arduino boards. It offers a simple and cost-effective solution for hobbyists and beginners in the world of microcontrollers and embedded systems. |
| 19 | IBM Power | IBM Power architecture, previously known as IBM PowerPC, is a RISC-based processor architecture used in IBM’s servers, workstations, and supercomputers. It emphasizes high-performance computing, reliability, and energy efficiency. |
| 20 | Transputer | The Transputer architecture was developed by Inmos in the 1980s as a pioneering parallel processing architecture. It aimed to provide scalable performance for distributed computing applications but did not achieve significant commercial success. |
| 21 | Intel 8086 | The Intel 8086 architecture is a 16-bit microprocessor architecture and the predecessor of the x86 family. It played a crucial role in the development of personal computers and laid the foundation for modern x86-based systems. |
| 22 | IBM POWER | IBM POWER (Performance Optimization With Enhanced RISC) architecture is a family of RISC-based microprocessors used in IBM’s servers and supercomputers. It combines high-performance computing capabilities with energy efficiency and is widely used in enterprise environments. |
| 23 | Motorola 6809 | The Motorola 6809 architecture is an 8-bit microprocessor architecture used in various home computers and gaming consoles. It is an enhanced version of the 6800 architecture, offering increased performance and additional instructions. |
| 24 | Intel 8080 | The Intel 8080 architecture is an 8-bit microprocessor architecture and the predecessor of the Intel 8086. It gained popularity in the 1970s and was widely used in early personal computers, such as the Altair 8800 and the CP/M ecosystem. |
| 25 | PIC | PIC (Peripheral Interface Controller) is a family of microcontrollers developed by Microchip Technology. PIC architectures offer a wide range of options for embedded systems and are known for their simplicity, low power consumption, and extensive support in the industry. |
| 26 | IBM System/38 | IBM System/38 is a midrange computer architecture introduced by IBM in the late 1970s. It featured an innovative object-based design and a high-level language (RPG) for programming. Although not widely adopted, it influenced subsequent IBM systems, including the AS/400 and IBM i. |
| 27 | Cell Broadband Engine | The Cell Broadband Engine architecture, developed jointly by IBM, Sony, and Toshiba, is a multi-core microprocessor architecture. It powered the Sony PlayStation 3 and was known for its unique design optimized for multimedia and parallel processing tasks. |
| 28 | Intel 80286 | The Intel 80286 architecture is a 16-bit microprocessor architecture and the successor to the Intel 8086. It introduced protected mode, enabling the use of multitasking and memory protection, and played a significant role in the development of modern operating systems. |
| 29 | AMD Ryzen | AMD Ryzen architecture is a family of x86-64 microprocessors developed by Advanced Micro Devices (AMD). It offers high-performance computing capabilities and is widely used in desktop and laptop computers, as well as servers, gaming consoles, and other devices. |
| 30 | IBM System/370 | IBM System/370 is a mainframe computer architecture introduced by IBM in the 1970s. It was known for its large-scale processing capabilities, support for virtual memory, and extensive ecosystem of software and peripherals. The architecture influenced subsequent IBM mainframe systems. |
| 31 | ARM Cortex-M | ARM Cortex-M is a family of 32-bit microcontroller architectures designed for embedded systems with strict resource constraints. They offer a balance between performance, power efficiency, and ease of use, making them popular in a wide range of IoT devices and wearables. |
| 32 | IBM System/3 | IBM System/3 is a midrange computer architecture introduced by IBM in the 1960s. It was one of the first computer systems to offer an integrated hardware and software solution for small and medium-sized businesses, providing simplified data processing capabilities. |
| 33 | Intel Core | Intel Core architecture is a family of x86 microprocessors developed by Intel. It powers a wide range of devices, from desktop and laptop computers to servers. Intel Core processors are known for their performance, power efficiency, and support for advanced features like virtualization. |
| 34 | ARM Cortex-A | ARM Cortex-A is a family of 32-bit and 64-bit application processors designed for high-performance computing in mobile devices, tablets, and other consumer electronics. They offer advanced features like out-of-order execution, virtual memory, and multimedia support. |
| 35 | IBM System/390 | IBM System/390 is a mainframe computer architecture introduced by IBM as an evolution of the System/370. It provided enhanced performance, extended virtualization capabilities, and improved compatibility with previous IBM mainframe systems. |
| 36 | Intel Pentium | The Intel Pentium architecture is a line of x86 microprocessors introduced by Intel. It succeeded the Intel 486 and became popular in personal computers during the 1990s. The Pentium processors offered improved performance and advanced features for multimedia applications. |
| 37 | MIPS64 | MIPS64 is a 64-bit version of the MIPS architecture, providing expanded memory addressing capabilities and increased performance compared to its 32-bit counterpart. It is commonly used in high-performance embedded systems and networking equipment. |
| 38 | IBM System/32 | IBM System/32 is a midrange computer architecture introduced by IBM in the 1970s. It targeted small businesses and offered integrated hardware and software solutions for accounting, inventory control, and other business applications. |
| 39 | Intel Itanium | Intel Itanium architecture, also known as IA-64, is a 64-bit processor architecture developed by Intel and Hewlett-Packard (HP). It was designed for high-performance computing and mission-critical applications but did not gain widespread adoption in the consumer market. |
| 40 | AMD Athlon | AMD Athlon architecture is a line of x86 microprocessors developed by Advanced Micro Devices (AMD). It gained popularity in the late 1990s and early 2000s for its competitive performance and value proposition, challenging Intel’s dominance in the desktop processor market. |
| 41 | SPARC64 | SPARC64 is a 64-bit RISC microprocessor architecture derived from the SPARC architecture. It is used in high-end servers and supercomputers, offering scalability, reliability, and advanced features for demanding workloads in industries like finance, research, and weather forecasting. |
| 42 | IBM System/36 | IBM System/36 is a midrange computer architecture introduced by IBM in the 1980s. It provided an integrated hardware and software solution for small businesses, offering simplified data processing and built-in support for various business applications. |
| 43 | Intel Atom | Intel Atom architecture is a family of low-power, x86-based microprocessors designed for mobile and embedded devices. It emphasizes energy efficiency and small form factors, making it suitable for smartphones, tablets, netbooks, and IoT devices. |
| 44 | Sun UltraSPARC | Sun UltraSPARC architecture is a RISC-based microprocessor architecture used in Sun Microsystems’ servers and workstations. It offers high-performance computing capabilities and is known for its support for multithreading and high-bandwidth memory subsystems. |
| 45 | IBM System/5 | IBM System/5 is a midrange computer architecture introduced by IBM in the 1960s. It provided small businesses with a cost-effective solution for data processing and offered compatibility with existing IBM punched card systems. |
| 46 | AMD Ryzen Threadripper | AMD Ryzen Threadripper architecture is a high-performance, multi-core processor architecture developed by Advanced Micro Devices (AMD). It targets enthusiasts, content creators, and professionals who require exceptional computing power for demanding workloads. |
| 47 | Motorola 68000 Family | The Motorola 68000 family includes various microprocessor architectures based on the original Motorola 68000. These architectures were used in a wide range of systems, including computers, gaming consoles, and embedded devices, and played a significant role in the development of modern computing. |
| 48 | IBM System/7 | IBM System/7 is a midrange computer architecture introduced by IBM in the 1960s. It provided an integrated hardware and software solution for business data processing and introduced features like disk storage, real-time processing, and online transaction processing (OLTP). |
| 49 | Intel Core i7 | The Intel Core i7 architecture is a line of x86 microprocessors developed by Intel. It is designed for high-performance computing in desktop and laptop computers, offering advanced features like hyper-threading, turbo boost, and support for virtualization technologies. |
| 50 | Fujitsu SPARC | Fujitsu SPARC architecture is a RISC-based microprocessor architecture used in Fujitsu’s servers and supercomputers. It provides high-performance computing capabilities, scalability, and reliability for mission-critical applications and scientific research. |
| 51 | RISC | RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) architecture is a design philosophy that focuses on simplicity and efficiency. RISC architectures have a small set of simple instructions, allowing for faster execution and reduced complexity. They are commonly used in embedded systems, scientific research, and mobile devices. |
| 52 | CISC | CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer) architecture is an older design philosophy that emphasizes rich and complex instructions. CISC architectures can perform powerful operations in a single instruction, but they tend to be more complex and have longer instruction cycles. They are commonly found in x86-based systems. |
| 53 | CUDA | CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture) is a parallel computing architecture developed by NVIDIA. It enables general-purpose computation on NVIDIA GPUs, allowing developers to leverage the massive parallel processing power of GPUs for tasks beyond graphics rendering, such as scientific simulations and machine learning. |
| 54 | FPGA | FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) architecture is a type of programmable logic device. FPGAs allow users to configure the hardware’s functionality after manufacturing, making them highly versatile and adaptable for various applications. They are commonly used in digital signal processing, prototyping, and hardware acceleration. |
| 55 | Intel Itanium 2 | Intel Itanium 2 is the second generation of the IA-64 architecture developed by Intel. Itanium 2 processors aimed to deliver high-performance computing for data-intensive and mission-critical applications. Despite limited adoption, they introduced advanced features like EPIC (Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing). |
| 56 | ARMv8 | ARMv8 is the 64-bit version of the ARM architecture, introducing support for larger memory addresses and improved performance over its 32-bit predecessors. ARMv8 processors are commonly used in smartphones, tablets, and server environments, providing a balance between power efficiency and computing power. |
| 57 | IBM System/3600 | IBM System/3600 is a midrange computer architecture introduced by IBM in the 1980s. It offered enhanced performance and expanded capabilities for data processing, making it suitable for small to medium-sized businesses. The architecture featured modular design and compatibility with IBM software. |
| 58 | TI DSP | TI DSP (Texas Instruments Digital Signal Processor) architecture is specifically designed for processing digital signals efficiently. These processors are widely used in audio and video applications, telecommunications, and other tasks that require real-time signal processing capabilities. |
| 59 | CDC 6600 | CDC 6600 was a supercomputer architecture developed by Control Data Corporation (CDC) in the 1960s. It was renowned for its exceptional performance, pioneering pipelining techniques, and vector processing capabilities. CDC 6600 was one of the fastest computers of its time and made significant contributions to scientific research. |
| 60 | Zilog Z80 | The Zilog Z80 architecture is an 8-bit microprocessor architecture, and it was a popular choice for various applications in the 1980s. It offered backward compatibility with the Intel 8080 and introduced new instructions and improved performance, making it widely used in home computers, arcade machines, and embedded systems. |
| 61 | Intel Core i9 | The Intel Core i9 architecture is a line of high-performance x86 microprocessors developed by Intel. Positioned above the Core i7 series, Core i9 processors offer even greater performance capabilities for demanding workloads, such as gaming, content creation, and professional applications. |
| 62 | Motorola 68020 | The Motorola 68020 architecture is a 32-bit microprocessor architecture and an evolution of the 68000 series. It introduced features like a memory management unit (MMU) and a cache, providing improved performance and support for virtual memory. The 68020 was widely used in workstations, embedded systems, and early Macintosh computers. |
| 63 | Intel Tiger Lake | Intel Tiger Lake architecture is a family of x86-64 microprocessors developed by Intel. Designed for mobile and ultra-thin laptops, Tiger Lake processors offer a balance between performance and power efficiency. They incorporate Intel’s latest technologies, such as Willow Cove CPU cores and integrated Intel Xe graphics. |
| 64 | IBM 801 | The IBM 801 architecture is a reduced instruction set computer (RISC) architecture developed by IBM in the late 1970s. It introduced the concept of register windows, which improved performance by reducing memory access. The IBM 801 was used in IBM’s RT-PC workstation and influenced subsequent RISC architectures. |
| 65 | NEC SX | NEC SX architecture is a vector supercomputer architecture developed by NEC Corporation. It is designed for high-performance computing applications, such as scientific simulations and weather forecasting. NEC SX processors excel at performing vector operations, offering outstanding computational power for specific workloads. |
| 66 | AMD Epyc | AMD Epyc architecture is a server-oriented x86-64 microprocessor architecture developed by Advanced Micro Devices (AMD). Epyc processors offer high core counts, superior memory bandwidth, and advanced security features, making them well-suited for data centers and enterprise computing environments. |
| 67 | MIPS32 | MIPS32 is a 32-bit version of the MIPS architecture, widely used in embedded systems, networking equipment, and consumer electronics. It offers a balance between performance and power efficiency, making it popular for applications requiring real-time processing and low power consumption. |
| 68 | NEC V20 | The NEC V20 architecture is an 8-bit microprocessor architecture and an enhanced version of the Intel 8088. It offered improved performance and compatibility with Intel 8088 software, making it popular in personal computers, particularly in Japan. The V20 introduced new instructions and provided faster execution speeds. |
| 69 | Nvidia Ampere | Nvidia Ampere architecture is a GPU architecture developed by Nvidia. It powers the company’s GeForce RTX 30 series and professional-grade graphics cards. Ampere GPUs deliver significant performance improvements over their predecessors and feature advanced ray tracing and AI capabilities for gaming and professional applications. |
| 70 | PDP-11 | PDP-11 is a family of minicomputer architectures developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC). Introduced in the 1970s, PDP-11 systems were widely used in various industries and played a pivotal role in the early development of UNIX and C programming. They offered a flexible and expandable platform for computing needs. |
| 71 | IBM POWER10 | IBM POWER10 architecture is the latest generation of the IBM Power architecture. Designed for high-performance computing and enterprise workloads, POWER10 processors offer increased core scalability, advanced security features, and enhanced acceleration capabilities with technologies like IBM’s PowerAXON. |
| 72 | Intel Alder Lake | Intel Alder Lake architecture is a hybrid x86 microprocessor architecture developed by Intel. It combines high-performance cores (Golden Cove) with power-efficient cores (Gracemont) on a single chip. Alder Lake processors are designed to deliver optimized performance across a wide range of applications and workloads. |
| 73 | Motorola 68030 | The Motorola 68030 architecture is a 32-bit microprocessor architecture and an evolution of the 68000 series. It introduced features like an integrated memory management unit (MMU) and an on-chip cache, offering improved performance and support for virtual memory management. The 68030 was used in workstations and embedded systems. |
| 74 | Intel Xeon Phi | Intel Xeon Phi, previously known as Knights Landing and Knights Corner, is a high-performance, many-core architecture designed for parallel computing. Xeon Phi processors are used in supercomputers and data centers, providing massive parallelism and accelerated performance for highly parallel workloads and scientific simulations. |
| 75 | DEC Alpha | DEC Alpha architecture, also known as Alpha AXP, is a 64-bit RISC processor architecture developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC). Alpha processors offered high performance and were widely used in scientific research, supercomputing, and enterprise environments before their discontinuation in the early 2000s. |
| 76 | IBM POWER9 | IBM POWER9 architecture is the predecessor to IBM’s POWER10 architecture. POWER9 processors provide enhanced performance, energy efficiency, and support for advanced technologies like CAPI (Coherent Accelerator Processor Interface) and NVLink for accelerated computing and AI workloads. |
| 77 | Transmeta Crusoe | Transmeta Crusoe architecture is a low-power x86 microprocessor architecture designed for mobile devices. Crusoe processors employed a technique called code morphing, where software emulation translated x86 instructions into more power-efficient microinstructions. Crusoe chips were used in early ultraportable laptops and tablets. |
| 78 | SH-4 | SH-4 (SuperH-4) architecture is a 32-bit RISC microprocessor architecture developed by Hitachi and later by Renesas. It was designed for embedded systems and multimedia applications, offering a good balance between performance and power efficiency. SH-4 processors are commonly used in gaming consoles, digital cameras, and robotics. |
| 79 | IBM Cell | IBM Cell architecture is a multi-core microprocessor architecture jointly developed by IBM, Sony, and Toshiba. It was used in the Sony PlayStation 3 and offered unique capabilities for parallel processing, making it suitable for multimedia, scientific simulations, and other computationally intensive applications. |
| 80 | Xilinx Zynq | Xilinx Zynq architecture combines a high-performance FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) with ARM Cortex-A9 or Cortex-A53 cores on a single chip. Zynq processors offer the flexibility of programmable logic and the processing power of ARM cores, making them ideal for applications requiring both hardware acceleration and processing capabilities. |
| 81 | TI OMAP | TI OMAP (Open Multimedia Applications Platform) architecture is a system-on-a-chip (SoC) architecture developed by Texas Instruments. OMAP processors are designed for multimedia applications, offering integrated graphics, video, and audio capabilities. They have been widely used in smartphones, tablets, and other portable devices. |
| 82 | IBM System/36000 | IBM System/36000 is a midrange computer architecture introduced by IBM in the 1980s. It provided an integrated hardware and software solution for medium-sized businesses, offering advanced features for data processing, storage, and communications. The architecture featured modularity and compatibility with previous IBM systems. |
| 83 | AMD FX | AMD FX architecture is a line of high-performance x86 microprocessors developed by Advanced Micro Devices (AMD). FX processors were designed for desktop computers and offered multi-core configurations, overclocking capabilities, and competitive performance for gaming and content creation applications. |
| 84 | Texas Instruments C6x | Texas Instruments C6x architecture is a family of DSP (Digital Signal Processor) architectures widely used in signal processing applications. C6x processors offer specialized instructions and hardware acceleration for real-time processing, making them suitable for telecommunications, audio/video codecs, and industrial control systems. |
| 85 | IBM AS/400 | IBM AS/400 architecture, now known as IBM i, is a midrange computer architecture introduced by IBM in the late 1980s. It provided an integrated hardware and software solution for business applications, offering built-in database management, security features, and scalability. The AS/400 was designed for ease of use and reliability. |
| 86 | Nvidia Maxwell | Nvidia Maxwell architecture is a GPU architecture developed by Nvidia. It powers the company’s GeForce GTX 900 series and professional-grade graphics cards. Maxwell GPUs introduced significant improvements in energy efficiency, performance-per-watt, and advanced features like dynamic super resolution and multi-frame sampled anti-aliasing. |
| 87 | IBM System/23 | IBM System/23 is a midrange computer architecture introduced by IBM in the 1970s. It targeted small businesses and offered an integrated hardware and software solution for data processing, storage, and business applications. The System/23 was notable for its compact size and cost-effectiveness. |
| 88 | Sun SPARC | Sun SPARC architecture is a RISC-based microprocessor architecture used in Sun Microsystems’ servers and workstations. SPARC processors are designed for high-performance computing, featuring scalability, reliability, and support for multithreading and virtualization technologies. |
| 89 | Western Design Center 65xx | The Western Design Center 65xx architecture is a family of 8-bit microprocessors and microcontrollers. The most famous member of this architecture is the MOS Technology 6502, which powered iconic systems like the Apple II, Commodore 64, and Atari 8-bit computers. The 65xx architecture became influential in the early home computer era. |
| 90 | ARM Cortex-R | ARM Cortex-R is a family of real-time processor architectures designed for safety-critical and real-time applications. Cortex-R processors offer high-performance and deterministic behavior, making them suitable for automotive systems, industrial control, medical devices, and other applications requiring precise timing and reliability. |
| 91 | NEC SX-Aurora | NEC SX-Aurora architecture is a vector supercomputer architecture designed for high-performance computing and data-intensive applications. SX-Aurora systems combine vector processors with high-bandwidth memory to deliver exceptional computational power and energy efficiency for scientific simulations and artificial intelligence workloads. |
| 92 | Intel Core m3 | The Intel Core m3 architecture is part of the Intel Core series designed for ultra-portable devices. Core m3 processors emphasize power efficiency and low heat generation, allowing for fanless designs and longer battery life. They are commonly found in slim laptops, 2-in-1 convertibles, and tablets. |
| 93 | IBM System/1030 | IBM System/1030 is a midrange computer architecture introduced by IBM in the 1970s. It offered improved performance and expanded capabilities for data processing and storage, making it suitable for small to medium-sized businesses. The System/1030 featured modular design and compatibility with IBM software. |
| 94 | MIPS16 | MIPS16 is a subset of the MIPS architecture designed for code size optimization in embedded systems with limited memory. It provides reduced-size instructions and a dedicated instruction set mode, allowing for efficient execution and reduced memory footprint. MIPS16 is commonly used in low-power microcontrollers and IoT devices. |
| 95 | AMD Duron | AMD Duron architecture is a line of x86 microprocessors developed by Advanced Micro Devices (AMD). Duron processors offered competitive performance and affordability for entry-level and mainstream desktop computers during the late 1990s and early 2000s. They were a popular choice for budget-conscious users. |
| 96 | PDP-8 | PDP-8 is a minicomputer architecture introduced by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) in the 1960s. It was one of the first successful mass-produced computers, known for its compact size and low cost. The PDP-8 played a significant role in expanding computer accessibility and was widely used in various applications and industries. |
| 97 | Rockchip RK | Rockchip RK architecture is a system-on-a-chip (SoC) architecture developed by Rockchip Electronics. RK SoCs are designed for multimedia applications, offering integrated graphics, video decoding, and hardware acceleration. They are commonly used in Android-based tablets, TV boxes, and other consumer electronics devices. |
| 98 | ARM Cortex-M4 | ARM Cortex-M4 is a 32-bit microcontroller architecture and an extension of the Cortex-M series. Cortex-M4 processors include a floating-point unit (FPU) and offer improved performance for signal processing and numerical computations. They are commonly used in applications such as digital signal processing and motor control. |
| 99 | Intel Core i3 | The Intel Core i3 architecture is part of the Intel Core series designed for entry-level and mainstream desktop and laptop computers. Core i3 processors offer a good balance between performance and affordability, making them suitable for everyday computing tasks, web browsing, and productivity applications. |
| 100 | DEC VAX-11 | DEC VAX-11 architecture is a 32-bit minicomputer architecture developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC). VAX-11 systems were widely used in the 1970s and 1980s and offered a broad range of capabilities, including virtual memory, multiprocessing, and support for various operating systems and programming languages. |
| 101 | Nvidia Lovelace | Nvidia Lovelace architecture is an upcoming GPU architecture developed by Nvidia. It is expected to succeed the Ampere architecture and is anticipated to offer significant improvements in performance and efficiency, particularly for gaming and AI workloads. |
| 102 | IBM z/Architecture | IBM z/Architecture, also known as System z, is a family of mainframe computer architectures known for their scalability, reliability, and security. They are commonly used in large organizations and industries requiring high-performance computing and mission-critical applications, such as banking and healthcare. |
| 103 | AMD Zen | AMD Zen architecture is a CPU microarchitecture developed by Advanced Micro Devices (AMD). Zen processors, including Zen, Zen+, Zen 2, and Zen 3, offer notable performance improvements over previous generations and have gained recognition for their competitiveness in the desktop and server markets. |
| 104 | OpenPOWER | OpenPOWER architecture is an open and licensable CPU architecture based on the IBM POWER architecture. It allows third-party companies to design and manufacture POWER-based processors, offering greater flexibility and innovation. OpenPOWER processors are commonly used in high-performance computing and enterprise environments. |
| 105 | TI C2000 | TI C2000 architecture is a family of microcontrollers specifically designed for real-time control applications, such as motor control, power conversion, and digital signal processing. C2000 devices offer high-performance computing capabilities and integrated peripherals tailored for control applications. |
| 106 | Intel Alder Stream | Intel Alder Stream architecture is an upcoming graphics architecture developed by Intel. It is expected to introduce significant improvements in GPU performance and features, positioning Intel to compete more effectively with AMD and Nvidia in the gaming and high-performance computing markets. |
| 107 | MIPS64-IRIX | MIPS64-IRIX architecture refers to the MIPS architecture combined with the IRIX operating system developed by Silicon Graphics, Inc. It powered SGI workstations and servers and was widely used in the field of computer graphics, visual effects, and scientific research during the late 1980s and 1990s. |
| 108 | HP PA-RISC | HP PA-RISC architecture, also known as Precision Architecture, is a Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) architecture developed by Hewlett-Packard (HP). It was used in HP’s line of servers, workstations, and high-performance computing systems, emphasizing performance and scalability for enterprise applications. |
| 109 | Tilera TILEPro | Tilera TILEPro architecture is a multicore processor architecture designed for highly parallel workloads. TILEPro processors integrate a large number of cores and are optimized for energy efficiency and high-throughput processing. They have been used in networking equipment and other applications requiring massive parallelism. |
| 110 | ARM Cortex-A78 | ARM Cortex-A78 is a high-performance CPU architecture designed for mobile devices and laptops. It offers improved performance, power efficiency, and advanced features, such as heterogeneous computing capabilities and support for artificial intelligence workloads. Cortex-A78 processors are commonly found in flagship mobile devices. |
| 111 | Nvidia Kal-El | Nvidia Kal-El architecture is an ARM-based system-on-a-chip (SoC) architecture developed by Nvidia. It powers the Tegra 3 series of mobile processors, offering quad-core CPU performance and enhanced graphics capabilities. Kal-El processors were designed for high-performance mobile computing and gaming applications. |
| 112 | SPARC M7 | SPARC M7 architecture is a RISC-based microprocessor architecture developed by Oracle Corporation. SPARC M7 processors are optimized for enterprise workloads and offer advanced features like hardware-assisted encryption, in-memory database acceleration, and improved single-thread performance. |
| 113 | Loongson | Loongson architecture, also known as Godson, is a family of CPU architectures developed by the Institute of Computing Technology (ICT) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Loongson processors are designed for domestic computing needs and have found applications in areas such as education, research, and government services. |
| 114 | Intel Core X | Intel Core X architecture is a line of high-performance desktop processors designed for enthusiasts and content creators. Core X processors offer increased core counts, higher cache sizes, and support for advanced features like overclocking, making them suitable for demanding workloads and professional applications. |
| 115 | IBM System/9 | IBM System/9 is a midrange computer architecture introduced by IBM in the 1980s. It offered an integrated hardware and software solution for data processing and storage, catering to small and medium-sized businesses. The System/9 emphasized modularity, ease of use, and compatibility with previous IBM systems. |
| 116 | AMD APU | AMD APU (Accelerated Processing Unit) architecture combines CPU and GPU components on a single chip. APUs offer integrated graphics capabilities, enabling enhanced multimedia experiences and improved energy efficiency. They are commonly used in laptops, all-in-one PCs, and budget desktop systems. |
| 117 | PDP-10 | PDP-10 is a mainframe computer architecture developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) in the 1960s. It was known for its significant contributions to the development of operating systems, programming languages, and timesharing systems. PDP-10 systems were widely used in academic and research institutions. |
| 118 | Ampere Altra | Ampere Altra architecture is a high-performance ARM-based server architecture developed by Ampere Computing. Altra processors offer exceptional performance, power efficiency, and scalability for cloud computing, data centers, and enterprise workloads. They feature high core counts and advanced memory subsystems. |
| 119 | IBM POWER6 | IBM POWER6 architecture is a microprocessor architecture designed for high-performance computing and enterprise workloads. POWER6 processors offer significant performance enhancements over previous generations, including support for simultaneous multithreading (SMT) and advanced virtualization capabilities. |
| 120 | RISC-V Vector | RISC-V Vector architecture is an extension of the RISC-V ISA that adds support for vector processing. It enables efficient parallel processing of large data sets and is particularly useful for scientific simulations, digital signal processing, and multimedia applications. RISC-V Vector processors provide scalable performance for data-intensive tasks. |
| 121 | DEC Rainbow | DEC Rainbow architecture refers to the DEC Rainbow 100 series, a line of personal computers introduced by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) in the 1980s. Rainbow systems combined features of microcomputers and minicomputers, providing CP/M and MS-DOS compatibility and catering to small businesses and educational institutions. |
| 122 | Nvidia Kepler | Nvidia Kepler architecture is a GPU architecture developed by Nvidia. It succeeded the Fermi architecture and introduced significant performance improvements and power efficiency. Kepler GPUs were widely used in gaming, scientific computing, and professional visualization applications. |
| 123 | IBM System/2 | IBM System/2 is a midrange computer architecture introduced by IBM in the 1980s. It offered improved performance and enhanced capabilities compared to its predecessor, the IBM PC. The System/2 featured a modular design, compatibility with IBM PC software, and support for advanced features like OS/2. |
| 123 | Xerox Alto | Xerox Alto architecture refers to the Xerox Alto computer, developed at Xerox PARC in the 1970s. It was one of the first computers to incorporate a graphical user interface (GUI) and a desktop metaphor, laying the foundation for modern personal computing environments. The Alto had a significant impact on the development of subsequent computer systems. |
| 124 | AMD Geode | AMD Geode architecture is a family of low-power x86-compatible processors designed for embedded systems and thin clients. Geode processors offer a balance between performance, power efficiency, and cost-effectiveness, making them suitable for applications such as industrial control, point-of-sale terminals, and set-top boxes. |
| 125 | Acorn RISC Machine | Acorn RISC Machine (ARM) architecture, now known as Advanced RISC Machines, is a widely used family of CPU architectures developed by ARM Holdings. ARM processors are known for their energy efficiency, scalability, and dominance in the mobile device market, powering smartphones, tablets, and other portable devices. |
| 126 | Western Design Center 65816 | The Western Design Center 65816 architecture is an enhanced version of the 6502 architecture with 16-bit addressing capabilities. It was used in various systems, including the Apple IIGS and Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES). The 65816 offered improved performance and expanded memory addressing for advanced computing tasks. |
| 127 | Intel Core Solo | The Intel Core Solo architecture is part of the Intel Core series designed for single-core performance and power efficiency. Core Solo processors were used in ultra-portable laptops and small form factor systems, offering a balance between performance and low power consumption for mobile computing. |
| 128 | ICL Distributed Array Processor (DAP) | ICL DAP architecture is a vector processor architecture developed by International Computers Limited (ICL). DAP systems were designed for scientific and engineering applications, offering high-performance vector processing capabilities. The architecture featured multiple processors working in parallel to perform vector operations efficiently. |
| 129 | Motorola 88000 | Motorola 88000 architecture, also known as M88000 or simply 88k, is a RISC-based microprocessor architecture developed by Motorola. It was used in workstations, embedded systems, and some Apple Macintosh models. The 88000 offered powerful performance and advanced features, but it did not achieve widespread adoption. |
| 130 | Intel Atom x86 | Intel Atom x86 architecture is a line of low-power, x86-compatible microprocessors designed for mobile and embedded devices. Atom processors emphasize power efficiency and small form factors, making them suitable for smartphones, tablets, netbooks, and IoT devices. |
| 131 | IBM System/3600 Model 95 | IBM System/3600 Model 95 is a midrange computer architecture introduced by IBM in the 1980s. It provided enhanced performance and expanded capabilities for data processing, making it suitable for small to medium-sized businesses. The architecture featured modular design and compatibility with IBM software. |
| 132 | SPARC T7 | SPARC T7 architecture is a RISC-based microprocessor architecture developed by Oracle Corporation. SPARC T7 processors offer advanced features like hardware-assisted encryption, in-memory database acceleration, and improved single-thread performance. They are designed for high-performance enterprise workloads and mission-critical applications. |
| 133 | DEC Professional | DEC Professional architecture refers to the DEC Professional series of personal computers introduced by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) in the 1980s. Professional systems were based on the DEC VAX architecture and targeted professional and business users, offering advanced features and compatibility with DEC software. |
| 134 | ARM Cortex-M7 | ARM Cortex-M7 is a 32-bit microcontroller architecture and an extension of the Cortex-M series. Cortex-M7 processors offer improved performance, digital signal processing (DSP) capabilities, and advanced features suitable for applications such as industrial automation, motor control, and automotive systems. |
| 135 | HP 3000 | HP 3000 architecture refers to the HP 3000 series of minicomputers developed by Hewlett-Packard (HP). HP 3000 systems provided an integrated hardware and software solution for business data processing and were widely used in various industries, including manufacturing, healthcare, and finance. |
| 136 | Sun UltraSPARC T2 | Sun UltraSPARC T2 architecture is a multi-core, multi-threaded microprocessor architecture used in Sun Microsystems’ servers. UltraSPARC T2 processors feature high core counts and simultaneous multi-threading, offering significant parallel processing capabilities for server and enterprise workloads. |
| 137 | AMD Ryzen 3 | AMD Ryzen 3 architecture is a line of x86-64 microprocessors developed by Advanced Micro Devices (AMD). Ryzen 3 processors are designed for budget-conscious users and offer a balance between performance and affordability, making them suitable for entry-level desktop and laptop systems. |
| 138 | MIPS32R6 | MIPS32R6 is a 32-bit version of the MIPS architecture, offering enhancements and improved performance over its predecessors. MIPS32R6 processors are commonly used in embedded systems, networking equipment, and consumer electronics, providing a balance between performance and power efficiency. |
| 139 | IBM System/36 | IBM System/36 is a midrange computer architecture introduced by IBM in the 1980s. It provided an integrated hardware and software solution for small to medium-sized businesses, offering simplified data processing and built-in support for various business applications. |
| 140 | ARM Cortex-R4 | ARM Cortex-R4 is a 32-bit microcontroller architecture and an extension of the Cortex-R series. Cortex-R4 processors are designed for real-time applications, providing high-performance computing capabilities, deterministic behavior, and low-latency response for applications such as automotive systems and industrial control. |
| 141 | DEC VAX-9000 | DEC VAX-9000 architecture is an enhanced version of the DEC VAX architecture developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC). VAX-9000 systems were designed for high-performance computing and enterprise workloads, offering advanced features and scalability. The architecture provided a powerful computing platform for various applications. |
| 142 | Intel XScale | Intel XScale architecture is a family of low-power, ARM-based microprocessors originally developed by Intel. XScale processors were used in mobile devices, such as smartphones and personal digital assistants (PDAs). They offered a balance between performance and power efficiency for mobile computing applications. |
| 143 | CDC STAR-100 | CDC STAR-100 architecture refers to the CDC STAR-100 supercomputer, developed by Control Data Corporation (CDC) in the 1960s. The STAR-100 was known for its exceptional performance and vector processing capabilities, making it suitable for scientific research and numerical computations. |
| 144 | Intel Core i5 | The Intel Core i5 architecture is part of the Intel Core series designed for mainstream desktop and laptop computers. Core i5 processors offer a balance between performance and affordability, making them suitable for multitasking, productivity applications, and moderate gaming requirements. |
| 145 | Motorola 68010 | The Motorola 68010 architecture is a 16/32-bit microprocessor architecture and an evolution of the 68000 series. It introduced improvements in memory management, virtual memory support, and bus protocols. The 68010 was used in workstations, embedded systems, and early Macintosh computers, providing enhanced performance and capabilities. |
| 146 | IBM System/7 | IBM System/7 is a midrange computer architecture introduced by IBM in the 1960s. It provided an integrated hardware and software solution for business data processing and introduced features like disk storage, real-time processing, and online transaction processing (OLTP). |
| 147 | Nvidia Turing | Nvidia Turing architecture is a GPU architecture developed by Nvidia. It succeeded the Pascal architecture and introduced real-time ray tracing capabilities. Turing GPUs offered significant improvements in gaming performance, AI processing, and computational power, making them popular for gaming and professional applications. |
| 148 | MIPS16e | MIPS16e is a compact code compression extension for the MIPS architecture, allowing for reduced program size and improved cache utilization. MIPS16e is commonly used in embedded systems with limited memory resources, enabling efficient execution and reduced memory footprint for code and data. |
