Welcome to our article on essential app development terms! This guide is designed to help you navigate the complex world of app development by providing definitions for common terminology. Whether you’re a beginner or an experienced developer, you’ll find valuable information here.
We’ll cover everything from coding languages and frameworks to design principles and more. By the end of this article, you’ll have a better understanding of the language used in app development and be better equipped to succeed in your career. Let’s get started!
What is app development?
App development is the process of creating software applications for devices such as computers, phones, tablets, and other electronic devices. It involves designing, coding, testing, and debugging the app to ensure that it functions as intended and meets the needs of its users. There are many different programming languages and frameworks that can be used to develop apps, and the specific technologies used will depend on the platform the app is being developed for, as well as the specific requirements of the app itself.
In app development, it is important to carefully plan and design the app before beginning the coding process. This may involve creating wireframes or mockups to visualize the layout and functionality of the app, as well as defining the user flow and determining which features and functionality will be included. Once the app has been designed, the next step is to write the code using a programming language such as Java, Kotlin, Swift, or C#. This code will define the app’s behavior and how it will interact with the device and its operating system.
After the app has been coded, it is important to test it thoroughly to ensure that it is stable and free of bugs. This may involve running automated tests as well as manually testing the app to ensure that it functions as intended. Once the app has been tested and any issues have been addressed, it is ready to be released to the public, either through an app store or other distribution platform.
App development can be a complex and time-consuming process, but it can also be very rewarding for those who are passionate about creating software that is useful and helps people in their daily lives.
App development terms
Agile development
Agile development is a software development methodology that emphasizes flexibility, collaboration, and rapid iteration. It is a flexible and iterative approach to project management that allows teams to respond to changing requirements or customer needs quickly and efficiently.
In Agile development, the focus is on delivering working software to customers as quickly as possible, rather than following a strict and inflexible plan. Teams using Agile methodologies often work in short, iterative cycles called “sprints,” during which they complete a set of predetermined tasks and then review and refine their work. This allows teams to constantly assess and adjust their priorities and deliver value to their customers more quickly.
Agile development emphasizes collaboration and communication among team members, as well as a focus on customer needs. It is a popular approach to software development because it allows teams to be more flexible and responsive to change, which can be especially important in today’s fast-paced business environment.
API (Application Programming Interface)
An API (Application Programming Interface) is a set of rules and protocols that allows different software systems to communicate with each other. It specifies how software components should interact and provides a way for different systems to access functionality and data provided by other systems. APIs allow developers to build applications that can be easily integrated with other systems and can make it easier to access and use data from a variety of sources.
Beta testing
Beta testing is the process of testing a product or service by a group of users before it is released to the general public. Beta testing is typically the last phase of testing before a product is officially released, and it is intended to identify any remaining issues or bugs that need to be addressed.
Beta testers are often selected from the intended audience for the product and are given access to a pre-release version of the product to use and provide feedback on. This feedback is then used to refine and improve the product before it is released. Beta testing is an important step in the development process because it allows developers to ensure that their product is of high quality and ready for widespread use.
Bug
A bug is an error, flaw, failure, or fault in a computer program or system that causes it to produce an incorrect or unexpected result, or to behave in unintended ways. Bugs can be caused by a variety of factors, including coding errors, compatibility issues, and hardware problems.
When a bug is identified, it is typically logged and tracked so that it can be addressed and fixed by a developer. Bugs can range in severity from minor issues that do not significantly impact the functionality of a program, to major issues that can cause the program to crash or malfunction. Testing and debugging are important processes in software development that help identify and fix bugs before a product is released to the public.
Build
In the context of software development, a build refers to the process of compiling and assembling code and resources into a form that can be run on a computer or other device.
During the build process, the source code of a program is transformed into a executable form that can be run by the computer’s operating system. Builds are often created at various stages of the development process, and they can be used for testing, debugging, and ultimately for releasing the software to the public. The process of creating a build typically involves running a series of tasks such as compiling code, linking libraries, and packaging resources.
Continuous integration
Continuous integration is a software development practice in which code changes are automatically built, tested, and validated every time a team member commits their code changes to the shared repository. The goal of continuous integration is to identify and fix errors as quickly as possible, so that the team can maintain a stable and reliable codebase.
Continuous integration helps teams catch problems early on in the development process, before they become more difficult and time-consuming to fix. It can also help teams work more efficiently and effectively by providing a consistent and automated process for integrating code changes.
CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing)
CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing) is a security feature implemented by web browsers that blocks web pages from making requests to a different domain than the one that served the web page. It is designed to prevent malicious websites from making unauthorized requests to other websites on behalf of the user.
CORS can be used to allow web pages to make requests to a different domain by including appropriate HTTP headers in the server’s response. This allows web developers to build applications that can make API calls to servers on different domains, while still maintaining the security of the user’s data.
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a stylesheet language used for describing the look and formatting of a document written in HTML. It is used to control the appearance of web pages and user interfaces, and allows developers to separate the content of a webpage from its presentation. CSS allows developers to define styles for elements such as font, color, and layout, and apply those styles consistently across multiple pages or elements. It is an important tool for web developers, as it enables them to create visually appealing and consistent user experiences.
Debugging
Debugging is the process of identifying and fixing errors in a computer program or system. It is an essential part of the software development process and is used to identify and correct problems that can prevent a program from functioning correctly. Debugging can involve running tests, inspecting code, and using specialized tools to identify the root cause of a problem. It is an iterative process that involves identifying the problem, determining the cause, and implementing a solution. Debugging is an important skill for software developers, as it allows them to ensure that their programs are free of errors and run smoothly.
Deployment
Deployment is the process of releasing a software application or system into a production environment, where it is made available for use by end users. Deployment involves making the necessary changes and configurations to the production environment, and may also involve migrating data, installing dependencies, and testing the application to ensure that it is functioning correctly.
Deployment is an important step in the software development process, as it marks the transition from development and testing to live operation. It is typically carefully planned and coordinated to ensure a smooth and successful transition to the production environment.
Design patterns
Design patterns are reusable solutions to common design problems that arise during the development of software systems. They are a way of capturing and communicating design knowledge and best practices, and can be used to improve the design of software systems by providing a common vocabulary and set of design principles that developers can use to guide their work.
There are many different types of design patterns, including creational patterns, structural patterns, and behavioral patterns. Each pattern describes a specific problem and solution in the context of a specific design challenge, and can be applied in a variety of contexts to improve the design and architecture of software systems.
Emulator
An emulator is a piece of software that allows a computer or other device to imitate the functions of another device or platform. Emulators are often used for testing and development purposes, as they allow developers to run and debug software on their own machines without the need for the actual hardware.
For example, an emulator might be used to test an Android app on a computer, or to run an old video game on a modern device. Emulators can be useful for a variety of purposes, including testing, development, and for allowing users to run software that is not compatible with their current platform.
Firebase
Firebase is a mobile and web application development platform developed by Google. It provides a range of tools and services that can be used to build, test, and deploy mobile and web applications. Some of the features offered by Firebase include a real-time database, user authentication, hosting, analytics, and more.
Firebase is designed to be easy to use and integrate with other Google services, and it is especially popular for building real-time, collaborative apps. It is a comprehensive platform that can be used for a wide range of app development needs, from the initial prototyping phase to the final stages of deployment.
Git
Git is a version control system that is used to track changes to files and coordinate work on those files among multiple people. It is a distributed version control system, which means that each copy of the repository (or “repo”) contains a complete history of all the changes that have been made to the files, and these changes can be merged back together when necessary.
Git is widely used in the software development industry, and is especially popular for managing source code for software projects. It allows developers to track changes to their code over time, revert to previous versions if necessary, and collaborate with others by merging changes from different sources.
GitHub
GitHub is a web-based platform for hosting and managing Git repositories. It is a popular platform for developers, as it provides a central place to store and manage code and collaborate with others. GitHub provides features such as version control, bug tracking, project management, and more.
It is also a social platform, as it allows developers to share their code with others, follow the work of other developers, and contribute to open-source projects. GitHub is widely used by developers around the world, and is an important tool for managing and collaborating on software projects.
HTML (HyperText Markup Language)
HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is a standard markup language for creating web pages and web applications. It is used to structure and format the content of a webpage, and allows developers to create links, headings, lists, and other types of content using simple tags and attributes.
HTML is a basic building block of the web, and is used in conjunction with other technologies such as CSS and JavaScript to create dynamic and interactive web pages. It is a widely-used language that is essential for anyone interested in web development.
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is a protocol for sending and receiving data over the internet. It is the foundation of the World Wide Web, and is used to transfer data between web clients and servers. HTTP is a request-response protocol, which means that a client (such as a web browser) sends a request to a server, and the server responds with the requested data or an error message. HTTP is a simple and widely-used protocol that allows clients and servers to communicate and exchange data in a consistent and standardized way.
IDE (Integrated Development Environment)
An IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is a software application that provides a comprehensive set of tools for software development. IDEs typically include a text editor for writing and editing code, a compiler or interpreter for building and running the code, and a debugger for finding and fixing errors in the code.
Some IDEs also include features such as version control integration, code completion, and support for multiple programming languages. IDEs are designed to make it easier for developers to create and manage software projects by providing a single, integrated environment for all of their development tools.
Incremental development
Incremental development is a software development approach in which a system is developed and delivered in a series of increments or small releases, rather than all at once. Each increment builds upon the previous one, adding new functionality and improving upon existing functionality.
Incremental development allows developers to deliver value to the customer more quickly, as they can begin using the system as soon as the first increment is released. It also allows developers to gather feedback from users and make adjustments to the system as it is being developed, which can improve the overall quality of the final product.
iOS
iOS is a mobile operating system developed by Apple Inc. for its iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch devices. It is based on the macOS operating system and is designed for touchscreen devices. iOS is a popular platform for mobile app development, and it offers a range of tools and frameworks for building native apps for its devices. iOS is known for its user-friendly interface and strong security features, and it is used by millions of people around the world.
Java
Java is a high-level, object-oriented programming language that is widely used for building enterprise-level applications. It is known for its portability, as the same Java code can run on any device that has a Java Virtual Machine (JVM) installed, regardless of the underlying hardware and operating system. Java is a popular choice for building web, mobile, and desktop applications, and it is also used for building games and other types of software. It is a powerful and versatile language that is used by millions of developers around the world.
JavaScript
JavaScript is a programming language that is primarily used to create interactive and dynamic effects on websites. It is a client-side scripting language, which means that it is executed by the web browser on the user’s computer rather than on the server. JavaScript is commonly used to create interactive elements such as drop-down menus, forms, and image sliders, and it is also used to create games, mobile apps, and desktop applications using frameworks such as Node.js. JavaScript is an essential technology for web development, and is used by millions of websites around the world to provide enhanced functionality and user experience.
JSON (JavaScript Object Notation)
JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a text-based data interchange format that is designed to be easy for humans to read and write and easy for machines to parse and generate. It is based on a subset of the JavaScript programming language and is used to transmit data between a server and a web application, or between different systems.
JSON is a lightweight and flexible format that is widely used for storing and exchanging data, and is often used as an alternative to XML. It is especially popular for creating APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) and for storing data in NoSQL databases.
Kotlin
Kotlin is a statically-typed programming language that is designed to be concise and expressive. It is fully interoperable with Java, which means that it can be used to build Android apps using the same tools and libraries as Java. Kotlin is a modern and expressive language that is designed to improve upon some of the shortcomings of Java, and it is gaining popularity among Android developers. It is a cross-platform language that can be used to build applications for the web, desktop, and other platforms in addition to Android.
Library
A library is a collection of code, data, or other resources that can be used by a software application or system. Libraries can provide a variety of functions and features, such as data storage, data manipulation, and utility functions. Libraries are often packaged as reusable components that can be easily integrated into other applications or systems.
They can be written in a variety of programming languages and are often designed to be cross-platform, so that they can be used on a wide range of devices and operating systems. Libraries are a useful tool for developers, as they can save time and effort by providing pre-built functionality that can be easily incorporated into new projects.
Localization
Localization is the process of adapting a product or service for use in a specific region or language. This can involve translating the user interface and other text elements into the local language, as well as adapting the product to meet local cultural and legal requirements.
Localization is an important consideration for companies that want to expand their products or services into new markets, as it allows them to better serve their customers in those markets. It is a complex process that requires careful planning and coordination, and it is often an ongoing effort as products and markets evolve over time.
Login
A login is the process of verifying a user’s identity in order to grant access to a system, service, or application. It typically involves the user entering their credentials, such as a username and password, and the system verifying that the provided credentials are valid. Logins are used to secure access to a wide range of systems and services, including computers, websites, and mobile apps. They are an important security feature, as they help to prevent unauthorized access to sensitive data and systems.
Material design
Material design is a design system developed by Google that provides guidelines for the design of user interfaces. It is based on the idea that digital interfaces should be designed to look and feel like physical objects, and it emphasizes the use of flat, two-dimensional elements, bold colors, and responsive animation.
Material design is used by Google in many of its products, and it is also used by many other companies as a design language for their own products. It is a comprehensive design system that covers a wide range of design elements, including layout, typography, color, and more.
MVP (Minimum Viable Product)
An MVP (Minimum Viable Product) is a product that has the minimum set of features necessary to be viable for a particular market. It is a concept from the lean startup methodology, which advocates for building and testing products as quickly as possible in order to gather feedback and validate assumptions. An MVP is intended to be a minimal, but functional, version of a product that can be used to test market demand and gather customer feedback. By focusing on the minimum set of features necessary to test the product’s viability, companies can avoid building unnecessary features and can iterate and improve the product based on real-world usage.
Native app
A native app is a software application that is built to run on a specific platform or device, such as iOS or Android. Native apps are built using the platform’s native programming languages and frameworks, and are designed to take advantage of the platform’s specific features and capabilities. Native apps are typically faster and more reliable than other types of apps, and they offer a more seamless and integrated user experience. However, they are also more expensive to develop, as they require separate versions to be built for each platform.
Navigation
Navigation refers to the process of moving between different pages, screens, or views within an app or website. It is an important aspect of user experience design, as it helps users to find their way around the app or website and access the content or features they need. Navigation can be achieved using a variety of methods, such as menus, tabs, buttons, and links. It can also involve the use of search, filtering, and other tools to help users find specific items within a large collection of content. Effective navigation is essential for helping users to find their way around an app or website and for providing a smooth and intuitive user experience.
OAuth (Open Authorization)
OAuth (Open Authorization) is an open standard for authorization that allows users to grant third-party applications access to their resources without sharing their passwords. It is a widely-used protocol that is used by many websites and applications to allow users to sign in using their existing accounts from other service providers, such as Google or Facebook. OAuth enables users to grant access to their data and resources in a secure and controlled way, and it is used by many companies as a way to provide secure, delegated access to their APIs and other resources.
Object-oriented programming
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that is based on the concept of “objects”, which are data structures that contain both data and code. In OOP, code is organized into “classes”, which define the properties and behaviors of objects. Objects are created from classes and can be used to represent real-world entities or abstract concepts.
OOP is characterized by a number of principles, such as encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism, which are designed to help developers create reusable and maintainable code. OOP is a widely-used programming paradigm that is used in many popular programming languages, including Java, C++, and Python.
Offline mode
Offline mode refers to the ability of a device or application to function without an active internet connection. Applications that support offline mode can be used even when the device is not connected to the internet, and any data or changes made while offline will be synchronized with the server when the device becomes reconnected.
Offline mode is useful for situations where an internet connection is not available or is unreliable, and it allows users to continue using an application or service even when they are not connected to the internet. Many applications and services support offline mode, either natively or through the use of offline caching or other technologies.
Open source
Open source refers to a type of software that is freely available for anyone to use, modify, and distribute. Open source software is typically developed by a community of volunteers, who work together to improve and maintain the software.
Open source software is often distributed under a license that allows users to access and modify the source code, which means that users can customize the software to meet their specific needs or contribute to its development. Open source software is widely used and is an important part of the software industry, as it allows developers to build upon and improve existing software in a collaborative way.
Pair programming
Pair programming is a software development technique in which two developers work together at the same computer, with one person writing code and the other person reviewing and testing the code as it is written. Pair programming is a form of collaborative programming, and it is based on the idea that two people working together can produce better code faster than two people working independently.
Pair programming is often used as a way to improve the quality of code, as the two developers can discuss and review the code as it is being written, and it can also be used as a way to train junior developers or to introduce new team members to a codebase. Pair programming is not suitable for all development situations, but it can be an effective technique in certain contexts.
Parallax scrolling
Parallax scrolling is a technique used in web design in which the background image or element moves at a slower rate than the foreground content as the user scrolls down the page. This creates the illusion of depth and can be used to add visual interest and engage the user.
Parallax scrolling is often used to create immersive, storytelling-style websites, and it can be achieved using a variety of techniques, such as CSS, JavaScript, and SVG animations. Parallax scrolling can be a powerful tool for web design, but it can also be overused or implemented poorly, which can negatively impact the user experience.
Push notifications
Push notifications are messages that are sent from a server to a mobile device or desktop application. They are used to alert users to new content or events, and can be sent even when the user is not actively using the app or website. Push notifications are often used by apps and websites to engage users and keep them informed of new developments, and they can be an effective way to drive traffic and increase user retention.
Push notifications can be delivered to a wide range of devices, including smartphones, tablets, and desktop computers, and they are supported by most major mobile and desktop platforms.
React
React is a JavaScript library for building user interfaces. It is developed and maintained by Facebook, and is widely used for building single-page applications and mobile applications. React is based on the idea of “reactive programming”, which is a programming paradigm that focuses on the flow of data through an application.
React allows developers to build reusable UI components that can be easily combined to create complex and interactive user interfaces. It is known for its performance and flexibility, and it is often used in conjunction with other technologies such as Redux and GraphQL to build modern, scalable web applications.
React Native
React Native is a framework for building native mobile applications using the React programming language. It allows developers to build mobile apps for iOS and Android using a single codebase, and it uses the same design principles as React to create a declarative, component-based API for building user interfaces.
React Native uses native components instead of webview components, which allows it to deliver a more native-like experience to users. It is a popular choice for building cross-platform mobile applications, and it is used by many companies around the world to build apps for the App Store and Google Play.
Refactoring
Refactoring is the process of changing the structure or organization of existing code in order to improve its quality, readability, or maintainability, without changing its functionality.
Refactoring is an important part of the software development process, as it allows developers to make improvements to their code without having to rewrite it from scratch. It can involve a wide range of activities, such as renaming variables, extracting functions, or reorganizing code into more logical units. Refactoring can help to make code easier to understand and work with, and it can also help to reduce the risk of introducing bugs or other problems when making changes to a codebase.
REST (Representational State Transfer)
REST (Representational State Transfer) is an architectural style for designing networked systems. It is based on a set of principles that define how networked resources should be defined, addressed, and accessed. REST is a flexible and scalable architecture that is widely used for building web APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) and other types of networked systems.
REST APIs are designed to be easy to use and understand, and they are often used to expose data and functionality to third-party developers or other systems. REST is a popular choice for building APIs due to its simplicity and flexibility, and it is used by many companies and organizations around the world.
Responsive design
Responsive design is a web design approach that is focused on creating websites that look and function well on a wide range of devices and screen sizes. It involves the use of flexible layouts, grids, and other design elements that can adapt to the size and resolution of the user’s device.
Responsive design is an important consideration in today’s multi-device world, as it allows websites to be easily accessed and used on smartphones, tablets, laptops, and desktop computers. Responsive design helps to improve the user experience and can also improve the search engine ranking of a website.
SaaS (Software as a Service)
SaaS (Software as a Service) is a software delivery model in which software is provided as a service on the internet, rather than being installed on the user’s device. SaaS applications are typically accessed via a web browser, and users do not need to install or maintain the software themselves.
Instead, the software is managed and maintained by the service provider, and users pay a subscription fee to access it. SaaS is a popular delivery model for many types of software, including business applications, productivity tools, and other types of software that are used by organizations. It is a convenient and cost-effective way for companies to access software, as it eliminates the need to purchase, install, and maintain software licenses.
Scrum
Scrum is an agile framework for managing projects, particularly software development projects. It is based on the idea of “iterative and incremental development”, in which a project is broken down into smaller, time-boxed iterations called “sprints”. During each sprint, a small, cross-functional team works to deliver a potentially shippable product increment.
Scrum is designed to be flexible and adaptable, and it emphasizes continuous improvement and the ability to respond to change. It is a widely-used framework that is used by many organizations around the world to manage complex projects and deliver high-quality products.
Serverless
Serverless is a term used to describe architectures or computing models in which the underlying infrastructure is abstracted away from the developer. In a serverless model, developers can build and deploy their applications without having to worry about the underlying infrastructure, such as servers or virtual machines.
Instead, they can focus on writing and deploying code, and the infrastructure is managed and scaled automatically by the provider. Serverless architectures are becoming increasingly popular, as they allow developers to build and deploy applications more quickly and easily, and they can also be more cost-effective, as the developer only pays for the resources that are actually used.
Service worker
A service worker is a script that runs in the background of a web browser and enables offline support, background sync, and push notifications for a web application. Service workers are a key component of Progressive Web Apps (PWAs), which are web applications that can provide a native-like experience to users.
Service workers act as a proxy between the web application and the network, and they allow the application to intercept network requests, cache assets, and access other device capabilities. Service workers are a relatively new technology, but they are increasingly being used to build more powerful and engaging web applications.
SQL (Structured Query Language)
SQL (Structured Query Language) is a programming language that is used to manage and manipulate data stored in relational databases. It is a standard language that is used by many database management systems, including MySQL, Oracle, and Microsoft SQL Server. SQL is a declarative language, which means that it is used to specify what data should be retrieved or modified, rather than specifying how the data should be processed. SQL is a powerful and widely-used language that is used by many companies and organizations around the world to manage and analyze data.
SSL (Secure Sockets Layer)
SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) is a security protocol that is used to establish an encrypted connection between a web server and a client, such as a web browser. SSL is used to protect sensitive information, such as login credentials, credit card numbers, and other types of data, as it is transmitted over the internet.
SSL uses a combination of public key encryption and digital certificates to secure the connection, and it is an important tool for protecting the privacy and integrity of data transmitted over the internet. SSL is commonly used by websites to protect user data and to establish trust with users, and it is indicated by the presence of a padlock icon in the address bar of the web browser.
Swift
Swift is a programming language developed by Apple Inc. for building apps for iOS, iPadOS, macOS, watchOS, and tvOS. It is a high-performance language that is designed to be easy to read and write, and it is based on a modern programming paradigm called “protocol-oriented programming”. Swift is a statically-typed language, which means that the type of each variable must be explicitly declared, and it is known for its strong type system and type inference. Swift is a popular choice for building native iOS and macOS apps, and it is widely used by developers around the world.
TDD (Test-Driven Development)
TDD (Test-Driven Development) is a software development process in which tests are written for a piece of code before the code itself is written. The goal of TDD is to ensure that the code is correct and meets the requirements, and to catch any errors or defects as early as possible in the development process.
In TDD, developers write a test that defines the desired behavior of the code, and then they write the code to make the test pass. This process is repeated for each piece of functionality that is added to the codebase. TDD is an iterative process that is designed to help developers create more robust and reliable code, and it is an important part of many agile development methodologies.
UI (User Interface)
UI (User Interface) refers to the way that a user interacts with an application or website. It includes all of the elements that the user sees and interacts with, such as buttons, menus, icons, text, and images. The UI is an important part of the user experience, and it is designed to be intuitive and easy to use.
A good UI is important for keeping users engaged and helping them to achieve their goals, and it can be a key factor in the success of an application or website. The UI is typically designed and implemented by a team of designers and developers, and it can be influenced by factors such as the target audience, the platform, and the overall design aesthetic.
UX (User Experience)
UX (User Experience) refers to the overall experience of a person using a product, system, or service. It includes the practical, experiential, and affective aspects of using a product, and it is focused on how easy, useful, and enjoyable the product is to use.
UX design is the process of designing products or services with the user’s needs and preferences in mind, and it involves a wide range of disciplines, such as psychology, design, and engineering. A good UX is important for engaging and retaining users, and it can be a key factor in the success of a product or service.
Version control
Version control is a system that is used to track changes to a file or group of files over time. It is commonly used in software development to manage code changes and collaborate with other developers, but it is also used in other fields, such as writing, design, and research.
In a version control system, each time a file is modified, a new version of the file is created and added to the version control system. This allows developers to track the history of a file, roll back to previous versions, and compare different versions of a file. Version control systems also allow multiple developers to work on the same codebase without overwriting each other’s changes, and they can be used to collaborate with other developers remotely.
Web app
A web app is a software application that is accessed over the internet using a web browser. Web apps are typically developed using web technologies such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, and they are often designed to be accessed from any device with a web browser. Web apps are different from native apps, which are installed on a device and are developed using platform-specific technologies.
Web apps are commonly used for tasks such as email, productivity, and social networking, and they are often designed to be responsive, meaning that they can adjust to different screen sizes and resolutions. Web apps are a popular choice for developers due to their accessibility and cross-platform compatibility.
Webview
A webview is a component that is used to display web content in a native application. It is essentially a mini-browser that is embedded in the app, and it allows the app to display web pages and interact with web-based content. Webviews are commonly used to display web-based content in mobile apps, and they are supported by most major mobile platforms, including iOS, Android, and Windows Phone.
Webviews are a convenient way for developers to incorporate web-based content into their apps, and they can be used to display a wide range of content, such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. However, webviews can also have some limitations, such as being slower and less performant than native components, and they can also be more vulnerable to security risks.
Xcode
Xcode is an integrated development environment (IDE) for macOS that is used to develop software for iOS, iPadOS, macOS, watchOS, and tvOS. It is developed by Apple Inc. and is the primary tool used by developers to build apps for the Apple ecosystem.
Xcode includes a suite of tools and features that are designed to help developers write, debug, and optimize code, and it supports a wide range of programming languages, including Swift, Objective-C, and C++. Xcode is a popular choice for developing native iOS and macOS apps, and it is widely used by developers around the world.
XML (Extensible Markup Language)
XML (Extensible Markup Language) is a markup language that is used to encode data and structure it in a human-readable and machine-readable format. It is designed to be flexible and extensible, and it is commonly used to store and transmit data over the internet, such as in web services and APIs.
XML uses a set of tags to define the structure and content of data, and it is based on the idea of self-describing data, which means that the structure of the data is embedded in the data itself. XML is a widely-used and powerful format that is used by many organizations around the world to store and exchange data.
Agile methodology
Alpha testing
Agile methodology is a set of principles and practices that are used to guide the development of software and other products. It is based on the Agile Manifesto, which outlines a set of values and principles that prioritize flexibility, collaboration, and rapid delivery.
Agile methodologies are designed to be flexible and responsive to change, and they emphasize short development cycles, continuous delivery, and frequent communication and collaboration between team members. Agile methodologies are widely used in software development and other fields, and they are designed to help teams deliver high-quality products quickly and efficiently. Some popular agile methodologies include Scrum, Lean, and Extreme Programming (XP).
Animation
Alpha testing is a type of software testing that is conducted by in-house developers or a small group of testers at the development site. It is typically the first round of testing that is done on a new product, and it is focused on finding and fixing defects and verifying that the product meets the specified requirements.
Alpha testing is typically done after the product has been implemented and before it is released to a larger group of testers or to the general public. It is an important step in the development process, as it allows the development team to identify and fix problems before the product is released. Alpha testing is usually followed by beta testing, which is a more comprehensive testing phase that is typically done by a larger group of testers.
Backend
The backend of an application is the part of the application that is responsible for storing, processing, and retrieving data. It is the behind-the-scenes part of the application that is not visible to the user, and it typically consists of a server, a database, and an application server.
The backend is responsible for handling tasks such as storing and retrieving data from the database, processing requests from the frontend, and integrating with other systems or services. It is an important part of any application, as it provides the necessary infrastructure and functionality to support the frontend and enable the application to perform its intended tasks. The backend is typically developed by backend developers, who use a variety of technologies and languages to build and maintain the backend of an application.
Binary
Binary is a numbering system that is used to represent data and perform calculations using only two digits: 0 and 1. It is the base-2 numbering system, and it is used extensively in computing and digital systems, as it is a simple and efficient way to represent and manipulate data.
In binary, each digit is called a “bit”, and groups of bits are used to represent numbers, characters, and other types of data. Binary is used to store data in computers and other digital devices, and it is also used to transmit data over networks and the internet. Binary is a fundamental concept in computer science and is an important part of how computers work.
Bluetooth
Bluetooth is a wireless technology that is used to exchange data over short distances. It is a popular choice for connecting devices, such as smartphones, tablets, and laptops, and it is widely used in a variety of applications, including mobile phones, wireless speakers, and wireless headphones.
Bluetooth uses radio waves to transmit data, and it is based on a standardized protocol that defines how devices can discover and connect to each other, as well as how data can be transferred between them. Bluetooth is a convenient and popular way to connect devices wirelessly, and it is supported by many devices and operating systems.
Build automation
Build automation is the process of using software tools to automate the process of building, testing, and deploying software and other products. It is a key part of the software development process, and it is designed to help teams build and deliver products more efficiently and reliably.
Build automation tools can handle tasks such as compiling source code, running tests, and generating documentation, and they can be configured to perform these tasks automatically as part of the build process. Build automation is an important part of many agile development methodologies, and it is widely used by developers to streamline the development process and reduce the time and effort required to build and deliver products.
Cache
A cache is a temporary storage area that is used to hold data that is accessed frequently or that is likely to be accessed again in the near future. Caches are used to improve the performance of systems by reducing the need to access slower storage media, such as hard drives and network servers, and by reducing the amount of data that needs to be transmitted over networks.
Caches are commonly used in computers, web browsers, and other types of systems to store data that is accessed frequently or that is used by multiple applications or processes. Caches are typically implemented using fast memory, such as RAM, and they are designed to store data temporarily and to be cleared or updated when the data becomes stale or is no longer needed.
Cloud computing
Cloud computing is a model of computing in which data and services are delivered over the internet, rather than being stored and processed on a local computer or server. It is a flexible and scalable way to access and use computing resources, and it is based on the idea of delivering computing power, storage, and other resources as a service.
Cloud computing allows users to access and use computing resources on demand, and it is often more cost-effective and convenient than maintaining in-house computing infrastructure. Cloud computing is used by a wide range of organizations and individuals to host websites, run applications, store and process data, and perform other computing tasks. Some of the most popular cloud computing services include Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform.
Code review
Code review is the process of reviewing and checking code for errors, bugs, and other issues before it is deployed or released. It is an important step in the software development process, and it is designed to help ensure that code is of high quality, is maintainable, and is aligned with coding standards and best practices.
Code review is typically conducted by developers, who review the code written by their peers and provide feedback and suggestions for improvement. Code review can be done manually, using tools such as diff and patch, or it can be automated using code review tools. Code review is an important part of many agile development methodologies, and it is often used in conjunction with other quality assurance practices, such as testing and debugging.
Compatibility
Compatibility refers to the ability of different systems, devices, or software to work together and exchange information. It is an important consideration in the development and use of technology, as it allows different products and systems to be used together seamlessly and without the need for complex workarounds or integration efforts.
Compatibility can be a challenge in the tech industry, as different products and systems are often developed using different technologies and standards, and there may be compatibility issues or differences in functionality. To address these issues, many companies and organizations have developed compatibility standards and guidelines to ensure that different products and systems can work together effectively.
Cookies
Cookies are small pieces of data that are stored on a user’s device while they are browsing the internet. They are typically used to remember settings, preferences, and login information, and to track user behavior and activity. When a user visits a website, the website can send a cookie to the user’s device, which is then stored in the user’s web browser.
The next time the user visits the same website, their device will send the cookie back to the website, allowing the website to remember the user’s previous activity and settings. Cookies are often used to personalize the user experience and to provide a more seamless and efficient browsing experience.
CSS framework
A CSS framework is a pre-prepared library of CSS styles that can be used to style and layout a website or web application. CSS frameworks provide a set of standardized, reusable styles that can be used as a foundation for building a web interface, and they can help to save time and effort by providing a range of ready-made design elements and layout options.
CSS frameworks are usually designed to be easy to use and customizable, and they often include a range of features such as responsive grid systems, typography styles, buttons, forms, and other common interface elements. Some popular CSS frameworks include Bootstrap, Foundation, and Semantic UI.
Using a CSS framework can help to ensure that a website or web app has a consistent, professional look and feel, and it can also help to speed up development by providing a set of tried-and-tested styles and layout options that can be easily implemented in a project.
Data binding
Data binding is the process of linking data between a source and a target. In the context of app development, data binding refers to the process of binding data from a backend data source to the user interface of an app. This allows the app to display and manipulate data from the data source in a visual and interactive way.
Data binding can be used to bind data from a variety of sources, including databases, servers, and external APIs. It can also be used to bind data from one element of the user interface to another, such as binding the value of a form field to the text of a label.
Data binding can be implemented in a variety of ways, depending on the technology being used to build the app. Some common approaches to data binding include using an ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) framework to map data between the data source and the app, or using a reactive programming library to establish a two-way binding between the data source and the user interface.
Dependency injection
Dependency injection is a software design pattern that involves providing a component with its dependencies rather than having the component create or obtain them itself. This allows for greater flexibility and modularity in the design of an application, as it allows components to be easily swapped out and replaced without affecting the rest of the application.
In the context of app development, dependency injection can be used to manage the dependencies of different components within an app, such as database access, networking, and other services. By using dependency injection, it becomes easier to test and maintain the app, as the dependencies of each component can be easily mocked or stubbed out for testing purposes.
There are several ways to implement dependency injection in an app, including using a dependency injection framework or library, or using a programming language that has built-in support for dependency injection. Some popular dependency injection frameworks and libraries include Dagger, Spring, and Guice.
Deployment pipeline
A deployment pipeline is a series of automated steps that are followed when releasing new code or updates to an application. The purpose of a deployment pipeline is to ensure that code changes can be easily and consistently deployed to different environments, such as development, staging, and production.
A deployment pipeline typically consists of a number of stages, each of which represents a different environment where the code will be deployed. For example, a deployment pipeline might include stages for building and testing the code, deploying the code to a staging environment for further testing and validation, and finally deploying the code to the production environment where it will be available to users.
Using a deployment pipeline can help to improve the efficiency and reliability of the code deployment process, as it allows teams to automate many of the steps involved in releasing new code. It can also help to reduce the risk of errors or issues being introduced when deploying code, as the pipeline can include automated tests and checks to ensure that the code is working as expected.
DevOps
DevOps is a software development philosophy that aims to bring together developers and operations staff in order to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the software development and deployment process. The goal of DevOps is to enable teams to build, test, and release software faster and more reliably, while also ensuring that the software is more scalable and maintainable.
DevOps practices often involve the use of automation and collaboration tools to enable developers and operations staff to work more closely together, as well as the use of agile and lean principles to improve the speed and quality of software development. Some common DevOps practices include continuous integration and delivery, infrastructure as code, and the use of agile methodologies.
By adopting a DevOps approach, organizations can improve their ability to deliver software updates and features more quickly and with fewer errors, which can help to increase customer satisfaction and competitiveness.
DNS (Domain Name System)
The Domain Name System (DNS) is a distributed database that is used to translate human-readable domain names (such as example.com) into the numerical IP addresses (such as 192.0.2.1) that are used to identify and locate devices on the internet. When a user types a domain name into their web browser, the DNS system is used to look up the corresponding IP address and connect the user to the correct website. DNS is an essential part of the internet infrastructure, as it allows users to access websites and other online resources using easy-to-remember names rather than numerical addresses.
Docker
Docker is a tool that is used to create, deploy, and run applications in lightweight, isolated containers. Containers are a way to package an application and its dependencies together in a single, portable unit, which can be easily deployed and run on any machine that has the Docker runtime installed.
One of the main benefits of using Docker is that it allows developers to create and test applications in a consistent, predictable environment, regardless of the underlying hardware or software configuration of the host machine. This can make it easier to develop and deploy applications, as it reduces the risk of compatibility issues or configuration errors.
Docker also makes it easy to scale applications, as containers can be quickly and easily deployed across multiple host machines. This can make it easier to manage the resources and capacity of an application, and to ensure that the application is available and performant even when the demand for it increases.
Domain
A domain is a name that is used to identify and locate a website or other internet resource on the World Wide Web. A domain consists of two parts: the name of the domain, which is typically a combination of letters and numbers, and the top-level domain (TLD), which is a suffix that identifies the type of organization or purpose of the domain.
For example, in the domain name “example.com”, “example” is the name of the domain, and “.com” is the TLD. Some common TLDs include “.com” (commercial), “.org” (organization), and “.net” (network).
Domains are used to identify and locate resources on the internet, and they are typically registered and managed by domain name registrars, which are organizations that are authorized to sell and manage domain names. When a user types a domain name into their web browser, the browser uses the Domain Name System (DNS) to look up the corresponding IP address and connect the user to the correct website or online resource.
Encryption
Encryption is the process of converting plaintext data into a coded, scrambled form that can only be read or accessed with a secret key or password. The purpose of encryption is to protect data from being accessed or understood by unauthorized parties, and it is often used to secure sensitive information such as passwords, financial transactions, and personal data.
There are many different algorithms and methods that can be used for encryption, and the choice of which one to use depends on the security requirements and the type of data being encrypted. Some common types of encryption include symmetric key encryption, where the same key is used to encrypt and decrypt the data, and public key encryption, where a pair of keys is used, with one key being used to encrypt the data and the other being used to decrypt it.
Encryption is an important aspect of data security, as it helps to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of sensitive data.
Frontend
The frontend of an application or website refers to the user interface and the client-side code that runs in a user’s web browser. The frontend is responsible for rendering the user interface, handling user input and interactions, and communicating with the backend of the application or website.
The frontend of an application or website is typically developed using languages and technologies such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, and it is usually designed to be accessed and used by end users through a web browser.
The frontend of an application or website is often the first thing that users interact with, and it plays a crucial role in the user experience. As such, the design and functionality of the frontend is an important consideration in the development of any application or website.
Full-stack
A full-stack developer is a software engineer who is proficient in all layers of an application’s technology stack. This includes the frontend (client-side) and backend (server-side) of an application, as well as the database, server, and networking infrastructure that supports it. Full-stack developers are able to design, develop, and maintain all aspects of an application, and they are often skilled in a range of programming languages, frameworks, and technologies.
Being a full-stack developer can be a highly sought-after skill in the tech industry, as it allows an individual to work on all aspects of an application and to have a broad understanding of how the different parts of an application fit together.
GPS (Global Positioning System)
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system that is used to determine the precise location, speed, and direction of a device or vehicle. GPS works by using a network of satellites that orbit the earth and transmit signals back to the surface, which can be received and interpreted by GPS receivers on the ground.
The receiver uses the time delay between the transmission and reception of the signals to calculate its distance from the satellites, and by triangulating the distances from multiple satellites, the receiver can determine its exact location. GPS is used in a wide range of applications, including navigation, tracking, and mapping, and it is an essential part of many modern technologies such as smartphones, tablets, and vehicles.
Gradle
Gradle is an open-source build automation tool that is used to automate the process of building, testing, and deploying software. It is designed to be flexible, powerful, and easy to use, and it is used by many developers and organizations to build and manage their software projects.
Gradle uses a domain-specific language (DSL) based on the Groovy programming language to define the build process, and it is capable of building a wide range of software projects, including Java, C++, and Android applications.
One of the main benefits of using Gradle is that it allows developers to create and maintain complex builds in an efficient and maintainable way, and it integrates well with a variety of development tools and environments. It is also highly extensible, and it can be customized and extended with custom plugins and scripts.
GUI (Graphical User Interface)
A graphical user interface (GUI) is a type of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices through the use of visual elements such as icons, buttons, and menus. A GUI provides a more intuitive and user-friendly way to interact with an electronic device compared to a command-line interface (CLI), which requires users to input commands using text.
GUIs are commonly used in a wide range of electronic devices and software applications, including computers, smartphones, tablets, and web applications. They are designed to make it easier for users to navigate and interact with an application or device, and they often include features such as windows, menus, buttons, and icons to represent different options and functions.
HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure)
Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) is a secure version of the HTTP protocol that is used to transmit data over the internet. HTTPS is designed to provide an encrypted and secure connection between a client and a server, and it is commonly used to protect sensitive information such as login credentials, financial transactions, and personal data.
To use HTTPS, a website or web application must have a valid SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) certificate, which is a digital certificate that is issued by a trusted certificate authority (CA) and is used to establish the authenticity and security of the connection. When a client connects to an HTTPS-enabled website or web application, the server sends its SSL certificate to the client, and the client uses it to verify the identity and security of the connection.
Hybrid app
A hybrid app is a mobile app that is built using a combination of native and web technologies. Hybrid apps are developed using web technologies such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, and they are typically wrapped in a native container that allows them to be installed and run on a mobile device just like a native app.
Hybrid apps offer a number of benefits over native apps, including the ability to run on multiple platforms using a single codebase, and the ability to leverage the power of the web and its wide range of libraries and frameworks. However, hybrid apps can also have some performance limitations compared to native apps, as they rely on the device’s webview to run the web code, which can be slower and less reliable than running native code directly.
In-app purchases
In-app purchases are a feature of mobile apps that allow users to purchase additional content or features from within the app itself. In-app purchases can be used to unlock new levels or features of a game, purchase digital goods or services, or subscribe to a premium version of an app.
In-app purchases are typically made using a user’s payment information that is stored in their device or account, and they can be made with a single tap or click. In-app purchases are a common monetization strategy for mobile apps, and they can be a convenient way for users to access additional content or features without having to leave the app.
JWT (JSON Web Token)
JSON Web Token (JWT) is an open standard that is used to securely transmit data between parties as a JSON object. JWTs are often used to authenticate users and authorize access to APIs and other resources, and they are designed to be simple to use and easy to integrate into different systems.
A JWT consists of three parts: a header, a payload, and a signature. The header and payload are both JSON objects that contain information about the JWT, such as the type of token and the claims being made, and the signature is used to verify the authenticity of the JWT.
JWTs are often used in combination with other security measures such as SSL/TLS to provide a secure and robust authentication and authorization solution. They are widely used in modern web and mobile application development, and they are supported by many popular libraries and frameworks.
Load testing
Load testing is a type of performance testing that is used to determine how a system or application performs under a simulated heavy load. Load testing is typically used to evaluate the performance of an application or system under normal and peak usage conditions, and it is designed to identify bottlenecks and potential failure points that may occur when the system is subjected to a high volume of requests or a large number of concurrent users.
Load testing is often conducted using specialized tools and frameworks that can generate simulated traffic or load on the system being tested. This allows developers and testers to monitor the performance of the system and identify any issues or problems that may arise when it is under load.
Load testing is an important aspect of software development and maintenance, as it helps to ensure that an application or system can handle the expected volume of traffic and user activity, and it can help to identify and resolve potential performance issues before they impact users.
Machine learning
Machine learning is a type of artificial intelligence that enables computers to learn and improve their performance on a specific task without being explicitly programmed. Machine learning algorithms use data to learn patterns and relationships, and they can use this knowledge to make predictions or decisions.
There are many different types of machine learning, including supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning, and they can be applied to a wide range of problems, including image and speech recognition, natural language processing, and predictive modeling.
Machine learning has become an important part of many modern technologies and applications, and it is widely used in areas such as finance, healthcare, and e-commerce to improve decision-making and automate tasks.
MVC (Model-View-Controller)
Model-View-Controller (MVC) is a software design pattern that is used to structure the development of interactive applications. MVC is based on the idea of separating the different aspects of an application into distinct components, which are known as the model, the view, and the controller.
The model represents the data and the business logic of the application, the view represents the user interface, and the controller acts as an intermediary between the model and the view, handling user input and interactions.
MVC is designed to improve the modularity and maintainability of an application, as it allows developers to work on different parts of the application independently, and it can also improve the performance of an application by allowing the model and the view to be optimized separately. MVC is widely used in the development of web, desktop, and mobile applications, and it is supported by many popular frameworks and libraries.
OOP (Object-Oriented Programming)
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that is based on the concept of “objects”, which are self-contained units of data and logic that represent real-world entities or concepts. OOP is designed to make it easier to develop and maintain complex software systems by providing a structured way to organize and reuse code.
In OOP, objects are created from templates called “classes”, which define the properties and behavior of the objects. Objects can interact with each other and with the outside world by sending and receiving messages, and they can be modified and extended by adding or modifying their properties and methods.
OOP is based on several core principles, including encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction, and it is supported by many modern programming languages, including Java, C++, and Python.
ORM (Object-Relational Mapping)
Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) is a programming technique used in software development to convert data between incompatible type systems in relational databases and object-oriented programming languages. It provides a way to interact with relational databases using objects, rather than dealing with database-specific SQL queries. ORM automatically performs the database-related operations like Create, Read, Update, Delete (CRUD) and provides an object-oriented interface for querying and manipulating data. This abstraction makes it easier for developers to work with databases as they can write code in their preferred language, rather than learning and writing SQL.
ORMs can also provide advantages like reduced database access time, improved performance, increased scalability, and better security by hiding implementation details and abstracting database-specific APIs. However, it also has some limitations, like difficulties in handling complex SQL queries, or reducing control over the underlying database.
Pairwise testing
Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) is a technique that allows a programmer to work with a database using an object-oriented paradigm. ORM provides a layer of abstraction between the database and the application, allowing the application to work with a high-level object model that is more intuitive and easier to use than a direct connection to the database. ORM tools can be used to automatically generate the necessary SQL statements to perform database operations, and can also map the results of those statements back to objects in the application.
Persistence
Pairwise testing is a testing technique that aims to ensure that all possible combinations of input values are tested. In pairwise testing, a matrix of all possible combinations of input values is created, and a subset of these combinations is selected for testing. This allows a large number of combinations to be tested in a relatively small number of test cases, reducing the time and effort required for testing. Pairwise testing is particularly useful in cases where there are many input variables and it is not practical to test all possible combinations individually.
Pixel density
Pixel density, also known as pixel resolution or pixels per inch (PPI), refers to the number of pixels that can be displayed in a given area of a display screen. It is a measure of the sharpness and clarity of an image or text on a screen. Higher pixel density means that there are more pixels packed into a given area, resulting in a higher quality and more detailed image. The pixel density of a display is often given in PPI, which indicates the number of pixels per inch on the screen. A higher PPI value generally corresponds to a higher-quality display.
Plugin
A plugin is a piece of software that adds a specific feature or service to an existing software application. Plugins are typically designed to be used with a particular application and provide a way to extend the functionality of that application without the need to modify the application itself.
Plugins are often used to add features such as additional tools, support for different file formats, or integration with other applications. Many software applications, such as web browsers and content management systems, support the use of plugins to allow users to customize and extend the functionality of the application.
Polyfill
that provides a means of supporting a feature or technology that may not be available in all environments. Polyfills are commonly used in web development to provide support for newer or experimental features in older or less capable browsers. For example, a polyfill might provide support for a new JavaScript method or CSS property that is not yet supported by all browsers, allowing developers to use the feature in their code and ensuring that it will work across a wider range of environments.
Polyfills can be used to progressively enhance the functionality of a website or application, providing support for newer features where available and falling back to a more basic implementation in environments where the feature is not supported.
Regex (Regular Expression)
A regular expression, also known as a regex or regexp, is a sequence of characters that defines a search pattern. Regular expressions are often used to perform pattern matching with strings, or to search and replace parts of a string. They can be used to check if a string contains a specified pattern, or to extract data from a string for further processing.
Regular expressions are used in many programming languages and tools, including grep, sed, awk, and perl, as well as in text editors and many other applications. Regular expressions are made up of characters and special symbols that define the pattern to be matched.
Server-side rendering
Server-side rendering refers to the process of generating the HTML for a web page on the server, rather than in the client’s web browser. This can be useful in a number of situations, such as when the content of a page needs to be indexed by search engines, or when the page contains data that needs to be protected from being accessed by the client.
In a server-side rendering setup, the server receives a request for a page, generates the HTML for the page, and then sends the completed HTML back to the client’s browser to be displayed. This is in contrast to client-side rendering, where the browser receives and processes raw data and generates the HTML for the page itself.
